АПК: ЭКОНОМИКА, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

Crediting in agro-industrial complex: state, problems, solutions

Maslova V.

The article purpose is a research of a condition of crediting in agrarian and industrial complex, as one of the most important elements of the economic mechanism at present. It is required level of credit enhancement for the expansion of import substitution and development of export potential facing the industry. The investment activity in branch for the last 8 years is analyzed. The existing problems having negative effect on intensification of investment activities are identified. The basis for intensification of the investment activities should be to stabilize the macroeconomic situation, including the normalization of the financial markets and ensuring physical and economic availability of credit resources. The report focuses on the indicators of credit activity in 2016. The mechanisms of the budgetary support of crediting including operating since 2017 are analyzed. The measures for improvement of the credit mechanism are proposed/ There are the stabilization in the financial markets; the transition from the restrictive monetary policy of the Bank of Russia on stimulating; the increase in the limits of budgetary funds for preferential crediting of the agricultural sector; expanding the list of banks participating in the program of preferential crediting of farmers; establishment of limits for concessional lending per borrower; increase of financial literacy of agricultural producers; improvement of the institutional system of crediting of farmers, etc.

Efficiency of concentration of agricultural production

Spector M.

The research objective is the analysis of activity agricultural producers from the point of view of concentration of land resources, a cattle livestock. The comparative analysis of the happened changes during reforms is made beginning from a state-farm and collective-farm system in Russia and Kazakhstan. Economic and social consequences of reforms are noted, the damage to agricultural production from reforming is defined. Only on production of meat Kazakhstan has received less because of disorder of a state-farm system 15.4 million tons of meat, or 79% of all production. Advantages of collective conducting production are shown. Data in five years on economic activity of the joint-stock company and limited liability partnership, on the one hand, and peasant farms, with another are provided. The facts testify in favour of collective farming and concentration of capital goods. The conclusion is drawn, that Russia and Kazakhstan have uncontrollable agricultural production in the form of hundreds of thousands of small-scale country enterprises and hundreds of averages by the size of associations and joint-stock companies today. Agriculture hardly comes to indicators of pre-perestroika state-farm and collective-farm level. The leadership of Kazakhstan has headed for association of peasants in cooperatives. It is a difficult way and expensive to the state. Other way is further concentration of capital goods which is inevitable and will result in success. The tendencies observed in the USA, Canada, Europe - reduction of number of farms and increase in their sizes. Regularity is the concentration of production leads to growth of its efficiency

Farms of the population in ensuring food security of Russia

Zhevora S.

Farms of the population define development of rural territories, actively participate in ensuring food security Now 18 million personal subsidiary farms playing a significant role in food supply of the population are the share of 38 million people living in rural areas. In article the role and value of farms of the population in production of such vital crop as potatoes systemically is considered. Increase in production of potatoes has to minimize dependence of the population, food and processing industry on import. The main problems connected with growth of productivity and marketability of potatoes in farms of the population are allocated. The conclusion is drawn that at observance of the standard of farming, development of cooperation and active state support an exit in 2020 to target indicators of the State program of development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of agricultural production, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 is quite real.

Formation and development of a funding mechanism for introduction and use of the advanced scientific technologies in agriculture of the countries of EEU

Bondarenko T., Kulov A.

In article the directions of formation of a funding mechanism for the advanced scientific technologies in agriculture of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union are considered. The solution of the problem of financing of the advanced scientific technologies in the EEU countries is defined on this period by degree or the level of development of supranational institutes and instruments of regulation of the financial market. Allocation by the states of EEU of budgetary funds and creation of the general economic conditions for formation of institutes of off-budget financing is offered in addition to the existing tax benefits. For involvement of private investors it is offered to use compensation of a part of costs of acquisition and use of the high-tech equipment. Need of creation of interstate fund of support of introduction and use of the advanced innovative technologies created scientifically - research institutes and the innovative companies in agriculture within the union is noted. Use of instruments of financing of introduction, distribution and use of research results and innovative products in agriculture significantly would increase labour productivity and would promote decrease in cost of production in agriculture in the EEU countries.

Formation of innovative infrastructure of management system in the agrarian sector

Butorin S., Sandu I.

In the conditions of the increasing competition as a result of processes of globalization and integration the question of reorientation of economy on the innovative way of development acquires theoretical and practical relevance. In article the main incentives and barriers to modernization of the agrarian sector of economy of Russia are considered, requirement of his innovative development is proved. The attention is focused on a problem of readiness of a management system to function effectively in the conditions of innovative economy. The theoretical digression of opinions of scientists concerning innovative development of branch showing need organizational, motivational and the informational of transformations in the agrarian sector of economy, necessary for formation of innovative infrastructure and development of the innovative focused management system is presented. The available results of a research show that transformation of the agrarian sector of economy of Russia to the knowledge-intensive and hi-tech sector requires creation of innovative infrastructure of a management system. Achievement of it is impossible without carrying out the institutional transformations connected with creation of the relevant structures providing innovative activity. As the most preferable option of such innovative structures agrarian agglomerative educations are considered. The model of formation of agrarian agglomerative zones allowing applying the new forms of government, and the mechanism of investment partnership in agrarian clusters is offered. Conditions which define a possibility of implementation of the offered transformations of innovative infrastructure are allocated.

Restoration of flax production is a basis of stable development of Non-Black Earth Region

Krylov V., Semkin A., Khudyakova E., Bayunov V.

Article purpose is studying of history of development, identification of a role, value and prospects of flax production for national economy and, especially for the producing linen regions of the non-chernozem zone of the Central Russia. The retrospective analysis of stability of development of economy the producing linen regions of Non-Black Earth Region of Russia for the long historical period shows that mass cultivation of a fiber flax contributes to their successful development. The significant role of cooperation in development of a flax producing is noted. Dynamics of crops of a flax since the end of the 80th years to the present period is given. On the basis of official statistics the direct dependence of extent of destruction of flax production and a condition of other branches of agriculture of leaders the producing linen regions of the Central Russia is established. During the prereform period in ten regions of Non-Black Earth Region nearly 90% of the Russian flax has been concentrated, and in years Russia has practically stopped production of a flax fiber and products from its. The value, need and the directions restoration of flax production in modern conditions are shown. By expert estimates because of restoration of the GDP linen complex of the country will increase not less than for 6-8%. Measures for restoration of flax production in the depressive regions of Non-Black Earth Region have to be taken in a complex with other actions for development of rural territories.

State and prospects of development of the commercial unitary poultry-farming organizations

Akopyan A., Reuter L.

Property relations reforms, conducted in Russia, were largely responsible for reduction in the number of commercial unitary poultry enterprises. The main problem resides in the unitary enterprises performance management mechanisms due regard being had to public sector significance and influence on the development of the poultry industry. Thus, notwithstanding the lower commercial unitary poultry enterprises ratio in the overall population size of the poultry corporate structures, it is extremely important to carry out an analysis of their current status and development outlook. In the course of investigations there were practiced such methods as system, structured and benchmarking analysis and graphical interpretation methods. There were identified the main factors indicated some restructuring guidelines that had impact on the industry members formation and development. We established their performance level in general and in the context of their lines of activities in particular. Imperfection of the mechanisms of government regulation of the poultry industry developments caused the growing import dependence, lowering of the poultry corporate structures sustainability and declining food security level in our country. Recommendations made in this article aimed at the economic policy agenda adjustment by introduction of amendments to the mechanisms of government regulations of the poultry product reproduction stabilization.

Textbook of new generation

Shutkov A.

Экономика сельского хозяйства: учебник для академического бакалавриата / под ред. Н. Я. Коваленко. - М.: Издательство Юрайт, 2017. - 406 с.